Racial Bias in AI Hiring Systems
How AI hiring systems can disadvantage applicants because of their race: the effects, causes, and possible solutions.
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This research paper examines how AI hiring systems can disadvantage applicants because of their race, including the effects, causes, and possible solutions. It builds on the Bertrand & Mullainathan 2004 audit study (the original "Jamal vs. Greg" résumé experiment) and a 2025 Brookings article that cites estimates that as many as 98.4% of Fortune 500 companies use AI in hiring. A supplementary appendix reports a machine-learning analysis of the original audit data.